Spread of Haplogroups R1b, I
and R1a (12,000 years ago) Info source
Haplogroup R1b
"R1b (previously known as
Hg1 and Eu18) is the most prolific haplogroup in Europe and its
frequency changes in a cline from west (where it reaches a saturation
point of almost 100% in areas of Western Ireland) to east (where
it becomes uncommon in parts of Eastern Europe and virtually
disappears beyond the Middle East). A R1b haplotype (a set of
marker scores indicative of the haplogroup) is very difficult
to interpret in that they are found at relatively high frequency
in the areas where the Anglo - Saxon and Danish "invaders"
originally called home (e.g., 55% in Friesland), and even up
to 30% in Norway. Thus a R1b haplotype makes it very challenging
to determine the origin of a family with this DNA signature.
R1b probably arrived in Spain
from the east 30,000 years ago among the paleolithic or "old
stone age" peoples considered to be aboriginal to Europe).
It is believed that everyone who is R1b is a descendant in the
male line from an individual known as "the patriarch"
since his descendants account for over 40% of all the chromosomes
of Europe. This haplogroup is characteristic of the Basques whose
language is probably that of the first R1b, and who are genetically
the closest to the original R1b population (which probably amounted
to only a few thousand individuals)." |
"The members of R1b3 (or
R-M269, formerly known as R1b) are believed to be the descendants
of the first modern humans who entered Europe about 35,000-40,000
years ago ( Aurignacian culture). Those R1b3 forebearers were
the people who painted the beautiful art in the caves in Spain
and France. They were the modern humans who were the contemporaries
- and perhaps exterminators - of the European Neanderthals.
Haplogroup R was the dominant
lineage in Western Europe and then, pushed south by the descending
Ice Age, to southwestern France and northwestern Spain to evolve
into lineage R1b. This area became a refuge for humans in Europe
during the coldest millennia of the last Ice Age. As the climate
warmed, the scattered clan R1b followed the migration of game
to the north and some of them reached what is now the British
Isles about 15,000 years ago which at this time was connected
to mainland Europe. It is believed they changed from hunter-gatherers
to farmers in southeastern Europe about 8,000 years ago and in
Britain about 4,000 years ago. As hunter-gathers became farmer’s
permanent settlements ended this great migration period and over
time Hg R1b settled predominately in what is known today as Spain,
Portugal, France, Belgium, Denmark, England, Wales, Scotland
and Ireland."
Source: The information on
haplotypes is reprinted from various DNA sites on the web.
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Haplogroup
R1b, R1b1 & R1a